Adaptogens

In the domain of herbal medicine, a botanical substance is designated as an "adaptogen" if it fulfills three fundamental criteria: 1) non-toxicity at clinically relevant dosages (FDA Guidelines); 2) augmentation of hormonal and immune system resilience to diverse stressors via a nonspecific physiological mechanism (Panossian & Wikman, 2010, Pharmaceuticals; WHO Recommendations); and 3) the capacity to normalize physiological functions, regardless of disruptions caused by external stressors (NIH Research).

Notably, authentic adaptogens distinguish themselves by modulating one or both of the body's central regulatory systems: the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the Sympathoadrenal System (SAS) (Panossian et al., 2009, Phytomedicine; USDA Guidelines). While numerous herbs display adaptogenic attributes, a select group, including Asian Ginseng, American Ginseng, Ashwagandha, Eleuthero, Schisandra, Rhodiola, Rhaponticum, Shilajit, and Cordyceps, are widely recognized as "true" adaptogens (Winston & Maimes, 2007, "Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief"). These botanicals necessitate further validation through rigorous clinical studies for their adaptogenic properties (NIH Clinical Trials).