Gums

In Western medicine, gingivitis is defined as a mild form of periodontal disease that causes gum inflammation and irritation at the base of the teeth, typically instigated by bacterial plaque and its toxins (Eke et al., 2015, Journal of Dental Research). It is categorized into four progressive stages, ranging from initial inflammation to advanced periodontitis involving significant bone loss (50-85%), tooth shifting, and abscess formation (Kinane & Stathopoulou, 2017, Periodontology 2000). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) posits that gingivitis arises due to a disrupted Qi pattern, failing to nourish the affected area adequately. Excessive heat in the liver and stomach is often implicated, exacerbating the issue. Several TCM disharmony patterns, such as heat in the stomach, stomach fire, and kidney fire, are associated with the condition (Li et al., 2014, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine).