Menstrual Cramps

In Western medicine, Dysmenorrhea is characterized by abdominal cramping associated with menstruation, often attributed to imbalances in prostaglandins regulating uterine contractions (Dawood, 2006, "Dysmenorrhea," Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology). It is categorized into Primary Dysmenorrhea, starting from the onset of the menstrual cycle, and Secondary Dysmenorrhea, arising later due to conditions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammation (Vercellini et al., 2005, Human Reproduction Update). Risk factors include smoking, obesity, and heavy alcohol consumption. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) postulates that the liver, the penetrating vessel, and the directing vessel influence Dysmenorrhea. A harmonious menstrual cycle in TCM is contingent on balanced liver Qi and penetrating vessel Qi and an adequate, unobstructed flow of blood (Chen & Chen, 2004, "Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology"). Both frameworks offer distinct etiological understandings and therapeutic options for Dysmenorrhea.