The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate regimen originally designed in 1923, which promotes a metabolic state known as ketosis, characterized by elevated ketone bodies in the blood and urine (Paoli et al., European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013). Various iterations of the ketogenic diet exist today; the "standard" ketogenic diet comprises 70% fat, 25% protein, and 5% carbohydrates, while the cyclic version involves carbohydrate loading for two days following five days on a basic ketogenic diet.
Another variation, the targeted ketogenic diet, strategically times carbohydrate intake around physical training (Wilson et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017). These diets aim to shift the body's primary energy source from glucose to ketones, which are liver-derived chemicals used for energy (Veech, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 2004). Such metabolic alteration has been examined for various health benefits, including weight management and neurological conditions (Masino & Rho, Epilepsy Research, 2012).
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